THE PAST AND PRESENT OF SELF-EDUCATION AT BETHLEN GÁBOR COLLEGE
The idea of founding a Reformed college in Transylvania was already mooted in the 16th century, during the reign of János Zsigmond. On the initiative of Prince Bethlen Gábor, the Diet of Cluj-Napoca in 1622 decided to elevate the existing Protestant school in Alba Iulia to academic status. “A Transylvanian Heidelberg should be created at home, endowed with learned professors, and a large number of talented young people with a desire to learn and striving to learn should be gathered around them – their best should be selected for the benefit of society and public life”, Bethlen Gábor declared. The successor to this academy is the Bethlen Gábor College in Aiud.
The college, established in Alba Iulia by order of the prince, and later moved to Aiud by Apafy Mihály I, laid the foundations of the education that was the foundation of Transylvania’s security. At least two thirds of the scholars of our narrower country are connected to this school. Apáczai Csere János, author of the first Hungarian encyclopaedia, Pápai Páriz Ferenc, author of the first Hungarian medical book, Benkő Ferenc, who wrote the first Hungarian mineralogy, taught here. Zeyk Miklós, the first ornithologist in Transylvania. Benkő József, the first scientific botanist and the first descriptor of Transylvania, Bod Péter, author of the Hungarian Athenas, Bolyai Farkas, the professor of the genius of Târgu Mures, Kőrösi Csoma Sándor, author of the Tibetan-English dictionary and grammar, Sipos Pál, author of the first original Hungarian mathematical treatise, which was awarded the gold medal by the Berlin Academy, studied here. Let’s not forget the literati! Áprily Lajos taught here, Vita Zsigmond studied and taught here. It was here that Kemény Zsigmond, Kemény János, Berde Mária, Makkai Sándor, Sipos Domokos, Szentimrei Jenő and Sütő András were introduced to literature. It was here that Transylvania’s Széchenyi studied: count Mikó Imre. Last but not least, Fenichel Sámuel and Dr. Sáska László, the wanderers from Aiud, who did much to make Hungarian science recognised abroad, set off for the tropics from here.
THE PAST
Bethlen Gábor College has a centuries-old tradition of self-education. In 1791, a group of students led by Thoroczkay Pál undertook the cultivation of the mother tongue. The students translated dramas into Hungarian, but also wrote oratorical and prose exercises. This group was dissolved, however, due to the authorities’ prohibitions.
From 1820 onwards, the young people of Aiud regularly commemorated the founding prince, and on these occasions the sermons and odes were published in print.
In 1830, the students again decided to found a self-educational society: ‘the literary awakening in the college in the early 1830s led to the formation of a youth reading society in 1835-37, and then in 1839, the publication of a pocketbook entitled Flower Basket (1837) and then Korány (1847), and a serious cultural programme. All this was stimulated and guided by Szász Károly.” As they were also concerned with political issues, they were dissolved in 1836 due to harassment, as was the Társalkodva Olvasó Egyesület (Reading Society), founded in 1833.
The year 1859 is remembered as the year of the foundation of the first self-education group. That was the year of the General Youth Self-Education Group, which was led by Professor Herepei Károly. It was also decided to publish a student magazine called “Haladjunk”.
In 1872, the Theological Self-education Group was founded as part of the General Youth Self-Education Group, which from 1879 onwards operated independently.
In 1893, the Gymnasium Students’ Self-Education Group was founded, in the beginning as part of the General Youth Self-Education Group. From 1898, it was known as the Kemény Zsigmond Self-Education Group. The activities of this group were led by poet-teacher Áprily Lajos in the 1920s.
In the school year 1906-07, the Bethlen Gábor Group was founded, which had a religious purpose.
In 1893, the students of the teachers’ training course at the college also organised themselves in a self-education group. From the 1899-1900 school year, their group was called the Gáspár János Self-education Group.
Until 1920, life was bustling in these self-education groups. The faculty and the Standing Committee, which ran the groups, organised competitions for members. Well-organised excursions contributed greatly to physical and mental self-education.
In 1926, Juhász Albert, a religion teacher, tried to maintain the traditional self-education group, but the new authorities did not support student activities that were not centrally organised.
In 1929 the scout movement was launched.
In 1930 the Youth Christian Association.
In 1929-32, the Gáspár János Self-education Group was revived for a short time under the leadership of Szabó T. Attila.
In 1945, on the initiative of teacher Deák Ferenc, the Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Reading Group was founded and the decision was taken to relaunch the journal Haladjunk.
In the 1970s, self-education took place in the Áprily Lajos Literary Group, but the student club’s debating afternoons also played an important role. Soon the teachers’ training school was closed down, the lyceum classes were reduced, and in the hustle and bustle of socialist education there was little time left for traditional self-education.
GOLDEN AGE
After the turnaround in 1989, the process of reconstruction began. The student newspaper Haladjunk was relaunched, followed by Lárma and then Firkász.
In October 1990, the Lower School Literary Group was founded, and soon the Upper School Literary Café was launched, with the participation of many contemporary literary figures.
On 27 September 2000 the Fenichel Sámuel Self-education Group was founded. The original idea was to include only students with an interest in science, but it was decided that we would be happy to help and support anyone from the college, regardless of the subject they wanted to learn about, research, write or present a scientific paper, lecture or other presentation.
The aims of our self-education group:
1.To support and promote the academic activities of students at the college. To this end, we seek out talented students, announce prizes won at various events, publicise our achievements through the press and radio, and publish papers and student articles in journals. We provide funding for the preparation and presentation of scientific papers.
2.Provide working conditions for our students. With the help of the Research Students Foundation in Budapest and the Bethlen Foundation in Aiud, we purchased two state-of-the-art computers, a CD/DVD writer, a scanner and a printer.
3.Organising student academic sessions and providing the necessary funding. In this field, 3 local scientific conferences were organised. In the autumn of 2003, the college hosted the TUDEK 2003 conference in Transylvania.
4.An introduction to the College’s notable personalities and collections. Our students researched the works of the College’s famous students and teachers (Pápai Páriz Ferenc, Benkő Ferenc, Zeyk Miklós Jr., Fenichel Sámuel, Dr. Sáska László, Áprily, Lajos, Vita Zsigmond, etc.) and studied the collections of the Natural History Museum, the History Museum and the Bethlen Library.
5.Presentation of the natural, historical, architectural and ethnographic sights of Aiud and its surroundings. The papers included. Since our students come from all over the country, we also visited other regions and natural rarities: the Harghita Mountains, the Vargyas Valley and its Sorb, the Rétyi Nir, the Szilágyság, the Mezzovie, the Gyergyó Basin, the Gyimes.
6.Organise and support student activities related to the environment. To this end, we participated in the Norwegian project Acid Rain in Norway, analysed the water of the Aiud stream and the condition of the settling tanks of the Marosújvár soda factory.
7.Support for trips and excursions related to various student activities. We have requested and received financial support from various foundations for this purpose. At the same time, we have successfully lobbied a number of companies, entrepreneurs, organisations and individuals in Aiud and Transylvania.
The students of the self-education group regularly participate in the RKTDK conferences in Csurgó (formerly in Kunszentmiklós), the World of Nature student article competition in Budapest, the TUDOK conferences organised by the National Association of Research Students in Budapest and the related regional TUDOK conferences, but they also participate in the Budapest Innovation Competition, the Idea Fair in Bucharest, the Festival of Young Writers and Poets in Sárvár and other similar events in Hungary and Transylvania.
In addition to the competition, they also took part in other events. They were the venues for these shows: Titu Maiorescu College in Aiud (in 2001, in Romanian), Piarist High School in Szeged (2002), Csíki Gergely School Centre in Arad (2003), Reformed High School in Debrecen (2003), Free University in Torda (2005), Free University in Aranyosgyéres (2006) and the Hungarian section of the High School in Aranyosgyéres (2006).
Between 2000 and 2010, 131 papers were written by students in the group. It would be a long list of our achievements, but to sum up, we have won 69 prizes in Romania (21 first, 19 second, 15 third and 14 special prizes) and 66 prizes in Hungary (12 first, 16 second, 11 third and 27 special prizes). 48 articles and papers by Group members have been published.
Papers written by Fenichel Sámuel Self-education Circle members
1. Dvorácsek Ágoston, 2. Kis Szabolcs Árpád, 3. Dr. László Enikő, 4. Bakó Irén, 5. Bakó Botond, 6. Turzai Melánia, 7. Kónya Mária, 8. Fodor Katalin, 9. Nagy Éva, 10. Stáb Ildikó, 11. Raab Vilmos, 12. Simon János, 13. Szabó Hajnal, 14. Lőrincz Ildikó
A commemorative book was published to mark the 10th anniversary of the Fenichel Sámuel Self-education Group.
We hope that we can continue our successful activities in the shadow of the prince who has been guarding his favourite schola for four hundred years!